A Case Report of A Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patient With Kidney Disorders

Abstract

The clinical spectrum of diseases related to HIV infection is very broad and can occur at any stage of HIV. HIV-related nephropathy (HIVAN) with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is the most common kidney disease and causes progressive decline in kidney function and develops very rapidly. We report a case, a male patient, 43 years, who experience weak body accompanied by chronic diarrhea and the presence of thrush with white plaque in the oral cavity, headache, abdominal pain, spotting on the mouth and skin, fever, and cough and has been reported as HIV positive, with previous antiretroviral treatment and last CD4⁺ count is 57 cells/mm3. There are elevated uruem and serum creatinine from day to day during treatment and from urynalisis found proteinuria +2 as a sign of kidney disease with normal blood pressure and there was no edema. Patients given an antibiotic and symptomatic treatment. Patients with suspicion of HIVAN in this case can progress very rapidly and causes progressive decline in renal function. Prognosis of patients with HIVAN if not handled properly will develop end stage kidney disease (ESKD) in 1-4 months and has a mortality rate 4.7 times higher than HIV patients without renal impairment.